Biochem and Immunology Insights

  Regulation of the immune response ´ Immune response like all other biological systems in subject to control mechanism ´ This mechanism restore the immune system to a resting state when responsiveness to a given antigen is no longer required   ´ Factor affecting the intensity of an immune response 1.   The dose 2.   Nature of antigen 3.   Form and route of administration of the antigen 4.   Presence and absence of adjuvant 5.   Antigen presenting cell 6.   Genetic background of individual 7.   History of previous exposure to the antigen in question An effective immune response removes antigen from the system completely Repeated antigen exposure is required to maintain T and B-cell proliferation, and during an effective immune response there is often a dramatic expansion of specifically reactive effector cells. ü At the end of an immune response, reduced antigen exposure results in a reduced expression of IL-2 and its receptor...

  Autoimmunity •        autoimmune disease -  is immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other body normal constituents •        Resulting disease - Autoimmunity means presence of antibodies or T cells that react with self-protein and is present in all individuals, even in normal health state. •        It causes autoimmune diseases if self-reactivity can lead to tissue damage •        Autoimmune diseases is a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by Ab (by auto-antibodies) or CMI (by auto-reactive T cells) to self-antigens.• •        An autoimmune disorder may result in:– v The destruction of one or more types of body tissue– v Abnormal growth of an organ v Changes in organ function Autoimmunity causes : 1)     ...